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The Republic of Ghana is a country in West Africa. It borders Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) to the west, Burkina Faso to the north, Togo to the east, and the Gulf of Guinea to the south. English is the country's official language and dominates government and business affairs. More than 250 languages and dialects are spoken in Ghana. Native Ghanaian languages are divided into two linguistic subfamilies of the Niger-Congo language family. The Kwa group, which is spoken by about 75% of the country's population, includes the Akan, Ga-Dangme, and Ewe languages.

Ghana was inhabited in pre-colonial times by a number of ancient kingdoms, including the Ga Adangbes on the eastern coast, inland Empire of Ashanti and various Fante states along the coast and inland. The Republic of Ghana is named after the medieval Ghana Empire of West Africa. The actual name of the Empire was Ouagadougou. Nine languages have the status of government-sponsored languages: Akan, Dagaare/Wale, Dagbani, Dangme, Ewe, Ga, Gonja, Kasem, and Nzema.

The major cities are Accra, Kumasi, Tamale, Sekondi-Takoradi, Tema, Teshie, Cape Coast and Obuasi. Monetary unit: Cedi, Monetary unit: Cedi,Monetary unit: Cedi, the ethnicity/race: black African 98.5% (major tribes: Akan 44%, Moshi-Dagomba 16%, Ewe 13%, Ga 8%, Gurma 3%, Yoruba 1%), European and other 1.5% (1998). Agricultural products are cocoa, rice, coffee, cassava (tapioca), peanuts, corn, shea nuts, bananas; timber. The major industries are mining, lumbering, light manufacturing, aluminum smelting, food processing, cement, small commercial ship building. The natural resources are gold, timber, industrial diamonds, bauxite, manganese, fish, rubber, hydropower, petroleum, silver, salt, limestone.

The transportation includes a total railway network of 953 km according to 2006 census, the total network of highways is 42,623 km where the paved is 3,267 km and unpaved 39,356 km according 2004. The waterways include 1,293 km note: 168 km for launches and lighters on Volta, Ankobra, and Tano rivers; 1,125 km of arterial and feeder waterways on Lake Volta (2003). The main ports and harbors: include Takoradi and Tema; the total numbers of airports are 12 according to 2007 census.